In perfect competition, all the firms sell homogenous products with all the firms being price takers, which implies that they cannot influence the market price. The market share does not have any influence on the market prices. The resources for labor are perfectly mobile. The firms involved in perfect competition can enter or exit a market without any cost.
Idealizing Conditions of Perfect Competition
There are a large number of buyers and sellers- There is a presence of a large number of consumers that are willing and can buy the commodity at a certain price, with the presence of a large number of producers with the will to supply the product at a certain price.
Anti-competitive regulation- It is assumed that a market of perfect competition will provide the regulations and protections which will control and eliminate anti-competitive activity in the marketplace.
Every participant is a price taker- There is an absence of any participant who can control the market prices
Homogenous Products- The products which are exchanged in this market are perfect substitutes for each other, which means that the qualities and characteristics of a market do not vary between different suppliers.
Rational buyers- The buyers in a perfect market always trade to their economic utility.
No Barriers to entry and exit- The entry to and exit from these markets is completely free of costs.
No Externalities- The third parties are not affected by any dealings in a perfectly competitive market.
Non-increasing returns to scale- The scarcity of economies of scale ensure that there will always be a sufficient number of firms in the market.
Perfect Factor mobility- In the long term, all the factors of production remain perfectly mobile which allows free long-term adjustments to change conditions.
Perfect Information- All the producers and consumers know everything about the commodity.
Profit maximization- Firms sell their products where the highest profit is generated.
Well-defined property Rights- They determine what may be sold along with what rights may be given to a consumer.
Zero transaction costs- The consumers and producers do not incur any costs while making an exchange of commodities.
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