The enzyme catalyzes ATP-dependent glutamate moieties to folate derivatives and folate. Though many transcript variants might be there for it, the complete-length nature of these two has been validated biologically to date. The two variants can encode distinct isoforms.
It is a protein-coding gene. The diseases that are associated with it are Cutix Laxa, Autosomal Dominant, and Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma. Among the related pathways, there are metabolism and Metabolism of water-soluble cofactors and vitamins.
Effects of FPGS on Gene-Specific DNA Methylation in Breast Cancer Cells and Human Colon
FPGS plays a vital role in folate homeostasis of intracellular. The FPGS-induced polyglutamylated folates are considered better subtrate for enzymes that are involved in generating S-adenosylmethionine, the most methyl group donor, and thus, FPGS modulation might affect DNA methylation.
DNA methylation is a crucial epigentic determinant for gene expression and it is linked to cancer development. It was investigated whether the modulation of FPGS will impact gene-specific and global DNA methylation along with subsequent functional effects in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells and HCT116 colon.
Though FPGS changed the global DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and DNA methylation activity, the impacts of modulation of FPGS on global DNMT activity and DNA methylation cannot be only explained by the content of a long-chained folylpolyglutamates and intracellular folate concentrations, it can be cell-specific.
FPGS modulation has influenced cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sequences and differential gene expression involved in the cell cycle, cellular development, molecule transport, and cell death, and molecular transport.
Some of the changed gene expression was linked with the changes in CpG DNA methylation. In FPGS-overexpressed HCT116 as well as MDA-MB-435, many differentially expressed genes were identified that were involved in one-carbon metabolism and folate biosynthesis that may have resulted for observing enhanced efficiency of 5-fluorouracil regarding overexpression of FPGS.
The data suggested that modulation of FPGS affects promoter and global CpG DNA methylation and expressing several genes that are involved in vital biological pathways. The main role of FPGS modulation in DNA methylation requires further studies. These are explained in our FPGS homework writing help.