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The Gearing Decision of a Company
Gearing ratio is the percentage of the contribution of owner’s equity to the borrowed funds. The ratio determines how the amount that is contributed to the business by the owner of the borrowed funds. Capital gearing ratio is calculated to judge the long-term solvency of a firm. The formula of gearing ratio is:
Capital gearing ratio= Fixed interest-bearing securities/ Equity Shareholder’s fund
Fixed-interest bearing securities are preference share capital, long-term loans, and debentures that carry fixed interest rate and dividend.
Different kinds of gearing ratios are used for calculating the financial leverage of the company. The two common ways are:
- Long-term debt to total equity or
- Long-term debt to long-term debt plus total equity
By using any one of the above formulas, gearing ratios are calculated, it says the ratio the firm is funded by the creditors.
The risk is more for a firm if the ratio is higher as there is a fixed commitment to pay the interest before distributing the profits to the equity shareholders. The standard capital gearing ratio is 1. If the gearing ratio is 1, then the firm is evenly geared. If the ratio is higher than 1, it is highly geared, which means the major part of the funding is by way of fixed interest-bearing securities. If the gearing ratio is lower than 1, then it is low geared firm.
Gearing ratios are highly important for the business as a tool for financial analysis. It can comprehend the financial position of the firm and analyze if the firm can return its liabilities or not. This ratio when used alone in accounting is of no use but useful only when compared to other ratios. It evaluates the soundness and the financial position of the business in the long run.
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